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с английского на латинский

the time is near

  • 1 prope

    prŏpe, adv. and prep. [pro and demonstr suff. -pe (cf.: nempe, quippe), = Sanscr. -pa].
    I.
    Adv. ( comp. propius, and sup. proxime, v. under propior), near, nigh (class.).
    A.
    Lit., in space:

    quaenam vox mihi prope hic sonat? Quis hic loquitur prope?

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 10:

    prope ad aliquem adire,

    id. Cas. 3, 5, 32:

    aedes accedere,

    id. Most. 2, 2, 16:

    prope alicubi esse,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 7, 1:

    intueri aliquid (opp. procul),

    id. Sen. 14, 48.—
    2.
    With ab, near to, near by, hard by:

    bellum tam prope a Siciliā,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:

    prope a meis aedibus,

    id. Pis. 11, 26:

    prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So, comp.:

    stellae, aliae propius a terris, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

    propius visere mala reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 6, 26.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In time, near, not far off: partus instabat prope, was near at hand, Ter Ad. 3, 2, 9.—Esp. with quando, cum, ut, the time is near or not far off, when, etc.:

    prope est, quando herus pretium exsolvet,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 25:

    prope adest, quom alieno more vivendum est mihi,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 125:

    partitudo prope adest, ut fiat palam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 9; Flor. 3, 17, 2:

    nox prope diremit colloquium,

    i. e. the approach of night, Liv. 34, 33, 3; cf. id. 32, 28, 7; 5, 16, 5.—
    2.
    In degree, nearly, almost, about (cf.:

    pene, ferme, fere): ejus filiam ille amare coepit perdite, Prope jam ut pro uxore haberet,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 45; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 10:

    prope funeratus Arboris ictu,

    Hor. C. 3, 8, 7:

    prope firmissima earum regionum civitas,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 20:

    annos prope nonaginta natus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

    prope desperatis rebus,

    id. Fam. 7, 28, 1:

    sic prope oneratum est sinistrum cornu, ni, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 65, 4; cf. id. 40, 32:

    prope est factum ut exirent,

    id. 25, 21:

    prope est ut aliquid fiat,

    something must be done, Dig. 35, 1, 67:

    prope perditae res,

    Liv. 5, 46, 7:

    Fidenae prope saepius captae, quam, etc.,

    id. 4, 32, 2:

    prope desertum oppidum,

    id. 4, 51, 8.—After the word it qualifies:

    biennium prope,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62:

    princeps prope Stoicorum,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 107:

    eisdem prope verbis,

    id. Leg. 2, 25, 64: his prope verbis id. Fin. 4, 6, 15: cursu prope Chalcidem contendit, Liv. 31, 24, 2:

    admirabilior prope,

    id. 22, 37, 3:

    omnes prope,

    id. 1, 14, 4; 23, 49, 14; 30, 30, 8.— Comp.:

    propius nihil est factum, quam ut, etc.,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15:

    neque quidquam propius est factum, quam ut, etc.,

    id. Clu. 21, 59.—
    C.
    Trop., comp. propius, with inspicio, considero, nosco, etc., more closely, better (post - Aug.):

    qualis esset ejus (mortis) velut propius inspectae natura,

    Sen. Ep. 30, 8:

    propius inspicere aliquem,

    id. ib. 5, 6:

    dixit futurum ut diviti displiceret propius inspectus,

    id. Contr. 2, 9, 21, B.; 4, 15, 3;

    10, 95, 1: quam (lancem) cum Agamemnon propius consideraret,

    Petr. 1, 50:

    propius noscendum,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 7; cf. penitus.—
    II.
    Prep. with acc.
    A.
    Lit., in space, near, near by, hard by:

    prope oppidum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

    prope hostium castra,

    id. ib. 1, 22:

    prope amnem,

    Verg. A. 8, 597:

    non modo prope me, sed plane mecum habitare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

    sedens prope limina tecti,

    Ov. F. 1, 137.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In time, nigh, towards, about:

    prope lucem,

    towards daybreak, Suet. Claud. 44.—
    2.
    Of abstract proximity, near to, almost to, not far from:

    prope metum res fuerat,

    Liv. 1, 25 fin.:

    prope seditionem ventum est,

    Tac. H. 3, 21; Dig. 17, 1, 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > prope

  • 2 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 3 apud

    ăpŭd ( apud down to the time of Caesar, Corp. Inscr. I. 30; I. 196; and after 45 B. C. both apud, Inscr. Orell. 206; 818, and aput, ib. 206; 15; 34; another form of apud was apor, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull. apud, Ritschl, Rib. in Trag. et Com. Rel., Mull. in Lucil., and Dietsch in Sall.; aput, Lachm., Fleck. in Plaut.; both apud and aput, Mull. in Cat. and Rib. in Verg.) [Corssen once regarded apud as connected with apisci, as juxta with jungo, Ausspr. I. p. 335, 1st ed., but afterwards, ib. 2d ed. I. p. 197, he adopted Pott's view, that it was comp. of Sanscr. api, = to, toward, near (Gr. epi), and ad, old form ar, which view the form apor favors, and thus its strict meaning would be on to, unto; v. infra, IV.]; prep. gov. acc., with, at, by, near (regularly with words denoting rest, and primarily of persons, while ad properly designates only direction, motion, extension, etc., and is chiefly used of places; the diff. between apud and penes is given in Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Mull.: apud et penes in hoc differunt, quod alterum personam cum loco significat, alterum personam et dominium ac potestatem; v. penes, and cf. Nep. Them. 7, 2: ad ephoros Lacedaemoniorum accessit, penes quos summum imperium erat, atque apud eos (v. infra, I. B. 2. a.) contendit, etc.; and for the difference between ad and apud, cf. Lucil. 9, 58 sq. Mull.: apud se longe alid est, neque idem valet ad se: Intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se; syn.: ad, prope, coram, inter, in with abl.; rare in early Lat.; very freq. in Plaut., less freq. in Ter., seven times in Verg., five times in Juv., three times in Catull., twice in Ov, and once in Hor. and Prop.; never in Tib. or Pers.; very freq. in Cic., the historians, and the Vulg.).
    I.
    A.. In designating nearness in respect of persons, with, near: apud ipsum adstas, Att. ap. Non. p. 522, 25:

    adsum apud te, genitor,

    id. ib. p. 522, 32:

    alteram (partem) apud me adponito,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 60:

    nunc hic apud te servio,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 62:

    scriptorum non magnast copia apud me,

    Cat. 68, 33 Mull.:

    mane apud me,

    Vulg. Gen. 29, 19:

    Advocatum habemus apud Patrem,

    ib. 1 Joan. 2, 1:

    cum in lecto Crassus esset et apud eum Sulpicius sederet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 12; so id. Pis. 26, and id. Rep. 3, 28.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    a.. With a pron. or subst., apud me, te, se, aliquem, etc., with me, in my house, etc., in one's house, at the house of a person; Fr. chez moi, chez vous, chez soi, etc.:

    Quis heri apud te? Naev., Com. Rel. p. 9 Rib.: dico eum esse apud me,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 15; 4, 2, 73:

    hic apud me hortum confodere jussi,

    id. Aul. 2, 2, 66:

    si commodumst, apud me, sis, volo,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 110:

    condixerant cenam apud me, Turp., Com. Rel. p. 108 Rib.: quid nunc virgo? Nempe apud test?

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 159:

    Quid sibi volunt homines isti apud te?

    Vulg. Num. 22, 9; ib. Matt. 26, 18:

    cenabis bene apud me,

    Cat. 13, 1:

    apud me habitavit,

    Cic. Clu. 33; id. Verr. 4, 111; 5, 77:

    apud te cenavit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 58; id. Verr. 4, 49; id. Cael. 26; id. Deiot. 32:

    in curia posita potius quam rure apud te, Titin., Com. Rel. p. 142 Rib.: mane apud me etiam hodie,

    Vulg. Jud. 19, 9:

    tenet intus apud se,

    Lucil. 9, 59 Mull.:

    Pompeius petiit, ut secum et apud se essem cotidie,

    Cic. Att. 5, 6:

    apud se fecit manere,

    Vulg. Jud. 19, 7; ib. Luc. 11, 37:

    de gladiis, quae apud ipsum erant deprehensa,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 10:

    Cum postridie apud eundem ventum exspectans manerem,

    id. Phil. 1, 8:

    mansit apud eum quattuor mensibus,

    Vulg. Jud. 19, 2; ib. Act. 28, 14:

    apud quem deversatus es,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 37: apud nympham Calypsonem, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 685 (cf. Hom. Od. 4, 557: Numphês en megaroisi Kalupsous):

    habitasti apud Heium Messanae,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 18; id. Cael. 51:

    Fuisti apud Laecam illa nocte,

    id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. de Or. 1, 22, 104; id. Att. 1, 8:

    apud Ostorium Scapulam epulatur,

    Tac. A. 14, 48:

    apud Cornelium Primum juxta Velabrum delituit,

    id. H. 3, 74; 1, 14:

    Factum est, ut moraretur apud Simonem quendam,

    Vulg. Act. 9, 43:

    invenient hominem apud sororem tuam occultantem se,

    Cic. Dom. 83:

    qui apud te esset eductus,

    id. Quinct. 69:

    apud quem erat educatus,

    id. Lael. 20, 75:

    cum alter ejus filius apud matrem educaretur,

    id. Clu. 27:

    disciplina C. Cassii, apud quem educatus erat,

    Tac. A. 15, 52:

    se apud Q. Mucium jus civile didicisse,

    id. Or. 30:

    apud eosdem magistratus institutus,

    Suet. Calig. 24:

    servorum manus tamquam apud senem festinantes,

    Tac. H. 1, 7:

    in convivio apud regem,

    id. A. 2, 57: Bene vale;

    apud Orcum te videbo,

    in the abode of Orcus, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 16:

    sacrificasse apud deos, i. e. in templis deorum,

    Tac. A. 11, 27:

    frater apud Othonem militans,

    in the army of Otho, id. H. 2, 26; so,

    nec solum apud Caecinam (cognoscebatur id damnum composuisse),

    id. ib. 2, 27:

    quorum sint legati apud se,

    in his camp, Caes. B. G. 4, 8; cf.:

    Quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,

    id. ib. 1, 47:

    dici hoc potest, Apud portitores eas (litteras) resignatas sibi,

    at the custom-house, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 64; 3, 3, 80:

    Quantillum argenti mihi apud trapezitam siet,

    at the banker's, id. Capt. 1, 2, 90:

    duo genera materiarum apud rhetoras tractantur, i. e. in scholis rhetorum, as he says just before,

    Tac. Or. 35.—Apud me etc. is sometimes added to domi or in aedibus, or interchanges with domi: Me. Ubi namst, quaeso? Ch. Apud me domi, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21:

    a me insidias apud me domi positas esse dixerunt,

    Cic. Sest. 41:

    domi esse apud sese archipiratas dixit duos,

    id. Verr. 5, 73; so Vulg. Gen. 27, 15:

    quae (signa) cognovi apud istum in aedibus,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 50:

    esse illa signa domi suae, non esse apud Verrem,

    id. ib. 4, 16:

    nihil apud hanc lautum, pistor domi nullus,

    id. Pis. 67; id. Clu. 165.—Hence,
    b.
    Trop.: apud se esse, to be at home, i. e. to be in one's senses, be one's self, be sane (only in conversational lang.; most freq. in Ter.; cf. Gr. en heautôi einai, Ar. Vesp. 642; opp. vecors, amens esse, to be out of one's wits, beside one's self; so Gr. phrenôn exestanai, Eur. Or. 1021):

    Sumne ego apud me?

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 36:

    Non sum apud me,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 26, and Afran., Com. Rel, p. 170 Rib.:

    Prae iracundia, Menedeme, non sum apud me,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 48:

    Vix sum apud me: ita animus commotust metu, spe, gaudio,

    id. And. 5, 4, 34:

    Num tibi videtur esse apud sese?

    id. Hec. 4, 4, 85 (quasi ob amorem meretricis insanus, Don.):

    proin tu fac, apud te ut sies,

    id. And. 2, 4, 5 (= ut praeparatus sis, Don.); Petr. 129.—
    2.
    In respect of persons, in whose presence or before whom any thing is done or takes place, esp. of discussions or debates in which the persons have the right of decision (Web. Uebungsch. p. 33), before, in the presence of, = coram, ad.
    a.
    Of civil or military affairs, before:

    cum res agatur apud praetorem populi Romani et apud severissimos judices,

    Cic. Arch. 3:

    apud eosdem judices reus est factus,

    id. Clu. 22, 59:

    vis de his judicari apud me?

    Vulg. Act. 25, 9:

    accusavit fratres suos apud patrem,

    ib. Gen. 37, 2; ib. 1 Macc. 7, 6; ib. Joan. 5, 45:

    hoc, quod nunc apud pontifices agis,

    Cic. Dom. 51; 117:

    istud ne apud eum quidem dictatorem quisquam egit isto modo,

    id. Lig. 12:

    qui hanc causam aliquotiens apud te egit,

    id. Quinct. 30; so id. Verr. 2, 100; 3, 114; id. Caecin. 69; id. Sest. 120:

    (populus Romanus) mihi potestatem apud se agendi dedit,

    id. Verr. 5, 173: Repulsior secunda collatione dixit Cato in ea, quae est contra Cornelium apud populum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 286 Mull.:

    tutoresne defendent apud istius modi praetorem?

    Cic. Verr. 1, 153; id. Clu. 126: apud te cum sim defensurus me, Vulg. Act. [p. 146] 26, 2:

    omnia apud praetores gererentur,

    Tac. Or. 38:

    causam nescio quam apud judicem defendebat,

    Cic. Clu. 74; so Tac. A. 3, 12; id. Or. 19:

    apud te defendit alium in ea voluntate non fuisse, in qua te,

    Cic. Lig. 6:

    apud judicem causam dicere,

    id. Quinct. 43; id. Verr. 1, 26; id. Sex. Rosc. 85:

    apud aliquem dicere,

    id. Lig. 6; id. Deiot. 4:

    verba apud senatum fecit,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 20:

    habita apud senatum oratione,

    Tac. A. 12, 25; 6, 8:

    haec apud patres disseruit,

    id. ib. 2, 43; 4, 2;

    4, 6: modeste apud vos socius populi Romani questus est,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 18:

    Quae est ergo apud Caesarem querella?

    id. Lig. 25:

    isne apud vos obtinebit causam, qui etc.,

    id. Caecin. 38:

    petita multa est apud eum praetorem,

    id. Verr. 1, 155:

    causam contra aliquem apud centumviros dicere,

    id. de Or. 2, 23, 98; Tac. Or. 38:

    numerus oratorum quot annis apud magistratus publice subscribitur,

    Cic. Verr. 3, 120:

    apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur,

    Liv. 41, 9: apud proconsules aliquem manumittere, Marcian. ap. Dig. 1, 162.—
    b.
    In extra judicial cases, before:

    apud hunc confessus es et genus etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:

    nullam causam dico, quin mihi Et parentum et libertatis apud te deliquio siet,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 93:

    apud erum qui (servos) vera loquitur,

    id. Am. 2, 1, 43:

    apud novercam querere,

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 80:

    ego apud parentem loquor,

    Cic. Lig. 30:

    plura fateri apud amicos,

    Tac. A. 14, 62:

    aliquid apud aliquem laudare,

    Cic. Att. 2, 25; Tac. A. 13, 46; so Vulg. Gen. 12, 15:

    aliquem apud aliquos vituperare,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 11:

    apud quem tu etiam nos criminari soles,

    id. Vatin. 29.—
    c.
    Of one's feelings, views, judgment, with, in the view or sight of, before.
    (α).
    With verbs:

    apud Tenedios sanctissimus deus habetur,

    Cic. Fl. 61; id. Verr. 1, 49:

    quod apud illos amplissimum sacerdotium putatur,

    id. ib. 2, 126;

    1, 69: si tutoris auctoritas apud te ponderis nihil habebat,

    id. ib. 2, 55; id. Planc. 4:

    apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur,

    id. Q. Rosc. 6:

    Quae omnia apud nos partim infamia... ponuntur, Nep. praef. 5: justificatur apud Deum,

    Vulg. Gal. 3, 11:

    haec apud illos barbatos ridicula videbantur,

    Cic. Mur. 26; id. Dom. 101:

    unus dies apud Dominum (est) sicut mille anni, et mille anni sicut dies unus,

    Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With adjj.:

    fuisti apud pontifices superior,

    Cic. Dom. 4:

    qui honos est apud Syracusanos amplissimus,

    id. Verr. 4, 137; id. Font. 36:

    quam clara (expugnatio) apud omnes,

    id. Verr. 1, 50; 2, 50:

    Satis clarus est apud timentem quisquis timetur,

    Tac. H. 2, 76; id. Or. 7:

    hoc est apud Graecos prope gloriosius quam Romae triumphasse,

    Cic. Fl. 31; Tac. H. 5, 17:

    quod aeque apud bonos miserum est,

    id. ib. 1, 29:

    quae justa sunt apud nos,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 33; ib. Rom. 2, 13:

    tunc eritis inculpabiles apud Dominum,

    ib. Num. 32, 22:

    si is pretio apud istum idoneus esset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 121.—
    (γ).
    With substt.:

    est tanta apud eos ejus fani religio atque antiquitas, ut etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46:

    tanta nominis Romani dignitas est apud omnes nationes, ut etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 150:

    qua (hic) apud omnes Siculos dignitate atque existimatione sit,

    id. ib. 2, 111:

    Dymnus modicae apud regem auctoritatis et gratiae,

    Curt. 6, 72:

    abominatio est uterque apud Deum,

    Vulg. Prov. 17, 15.—Apud animum, apud animum meum, etc. sometimes stand for mihi, mecum, etc., or simply animo: Ea tute tibi subice et apud animum propone, before your mind, before you, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    ipsi primum statuerint apud animos, quid vellent,

    Liv. 6, 39, 11:

    Sic apud animum meum statuo,

    Sall. de Ord. Rep. 2:

    sic statuere apud animum meum possum,

    Liv. 34, 2, 4.—So with pers. pron. in Vulg. after the Greek: haec apud se (pros heauton) oravit, within himself, to himself, Luc. 18, 11: Sciens apud semet ipsum (en heautôi), in himself, Joan. 6, 62: statui hoc ipsum apud me (emautôi), ne etc., with myself, 2 Cor. 2, 1; so, hoc cogitet apud se (eph heautou), ib. 10, 7.—
    d.
    And simply before, in the presence of:

    id apud vos proloquar,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 6:

    nemo est meorum amicorum, apud quem expromere omnia mea occulta audeam,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 14:

    se jactant apud eos, quos inviti vident,

    Cic. Fl. 61:

    licet mihi, Marce fili, apud te gloriari, ad quem etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 78: de vobis glorior apud Macedones, Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2:

    plus quam apud vos commemorari velitis,

    Cic. Caecin. 77:

    non apud indoctos loquor,

    id. Pis. 68:

    ostendit, quae quisque de eo apud se dixerit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

    quid apud magnum loquerentur Achillem,

    Ov. M. 12, 163:

    neque raro neque apud paucos talia jaciebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 7:

    loqui de se apud aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 1, 3:

    mentiri apud aliquem,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 24:

    apud aliquem profiteri,

    Curt. 7, 7, 24:

    Non est nobis haec oratio habenda apud imperitam multitudinem,

    Cic. Mur. 61:

    Caesar apud milites contionatur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    gratias agere alicui apud aliquem,

    Cic. Sest. 4; so Tac. A. 15, 22:

    si quid (in me) auctoritatis est, apud eos utar, qui etc.,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2; so id. Lig. 16, and id. Red. in Sen. 24:

    Quae fundebat apud Samson lacrimas,

    Vulg. Jud. 14, 16.—
    3.
    Of a person with whom, in whose case something is, exists, is done, with, in the case of, often = in with abl.:

    quom apud te parum stet fides,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 62:

    Et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti,

    Verg. A. 4, 539:

    At fides mihi apud hunc est,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10: De. Quid est? Ch. Itan parvam mihi fidem esse apud te? id. Phorm. 5, 3, 27:

    ut apud me praemium esse positum pietati scias,

    id. Hec. 4, 2, 8:

    alioqui mercedem non habebitis apud Patrem vestrum,

    Vulg. Matt. 6, 1:

    illa res quantam declarat ejusdem hominis apud hostes populi Romani auctoritatem,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 46:

    (eum) Aeduorum auctoritatem apud omnes Belgas amplificaturum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

    si M. Petrei non summa auctoritas apud milites exstitisset,

    Cic. Sest. 12:

    Pompei auctoritas apud omnes tanta est. quanta etc.,

    id. Fl. 14; id. Phil. 13, 7:

    ecquid auctoritatis apud vos socii populi Romani habere debeant,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 17; so id. Verr. 2, 14; id. Mur 38:

    (servi) apud eum sunt in honore et pretio,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 77; id. Verr. 5, 157; id. Cat. 3, 2:

    videmus quanta sit in invidia quantoque in odio apud quosdam virtus et industria,

    id. Verr. 5, 181:

    quo majore apud vos odio esse debet quam etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 42:

    domi splendor, apud exteras nationes nomen et gratia,

    id. Clu. 154; id. Mur. 38:

    Dumnorigem, magna apud plebem gratia,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 20:

    certe apud te et hos, qui tibi adsunt, veritas valebit,

    Cic. Quinct. 5; id. Div. in Caecil. 17; id. Lig. 30; id. Marcell. 14; id. Mil. 34:

    utrum apud eos pudor atque officium aut timor valeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    apud quem ut multum gratia valeret,

    Nep. Con. 2, 1:

    video apud te causas valere plus quam preces,

    Cic. Lig. 31; so id. Lael. 4, 13, and Tac. H. 3, 36:

    quod apud vos plurimum debebit valere,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11; so Caes. B. G. 1, 17, and Tac. H. 4, 73:

    qui tantum auctoritate apud suos cives potuit, ut etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 113:

    speravit sese apud tales viros aliquid posse ad etc.,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 141:

    (eum) apud finitimas civitates largiter posse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    quae (pecunia) apud me contra fidem meam nihil potuisset,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 19:

    quae (memoria) plus apud eum possit quam salus civitatis,

    id. Phil. 5, 51; id. Verr. 3, 131:

    qui apud eum plurimum poterat,

    id. ib. 3, 130:

    qui apud me et amicitia et beneficiis et dignitate plurimum possunt,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 4; so Caes. B. G. 1, 9.—So very rarely with adjj.:

    faciles sunt preces apud eos, qui etc.,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 63:

    nihil me turpius apud homines fuisset,

    id. Att. 2, 19:

    apud quos miserum auxilium tolerabile miserius malum fecit,

    Cels. 3, 23.—
    4.
    Of persons, of inhabitants of cities or countries, among whom one is, or something is, is done or happens, among = inter:

    CONSOL. QVEI. FVIT. APVD. VOS., Epit. Scip. ap. Grotef. Gr. II. p. 296: homines apud nos noti, inter suos nobiles,

    Cic. Fl. 52:

    Ut vos hic, itidem ille apud vos meus servatur filius,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 11; 2, 2, 62:

    qui (colonus) perigrinatur apud vos,

    Vulg. Exod. 12, 49:

    qui regnabat apud vos,

    ib. 1 Macc. 12, 7; ib. Matt. 13, 56; ib. Luc. 9, 41:

    si iste apud eos quaestor non fuisset,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4; 65:

    Apud eos fuisse regem Divitiacum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 2, 2:

    qui (praetores) apud illos a populo creantur,

    Cic. Fl. 44:

    apud quos consul fuerat,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 66; id. Verr. 2, 5; 4, 108:

    apud inferos illi antiqui supplicia impiis constituta esse voluerunt,

    id. Cat. 4, 8; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10; so Vulg. Eccli. 14, 17: Sunt apud infernos tot milia formosarum, Prop. 3, 2, 63:

    fateri quae quis apud superos distulit in seram commissa piacula mortem,

    Verg. A. 6, 568;

    Vel. 2, 48, 2: studiis militaribus apud juventutem obsoletis,

    Cic. Font. 42:

    qui apud socios nominis Latini censi essent,

    Liv. 41, 9:

    qui apud gentes solus praestat, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 25 Rib.: quae sacra apud omnes gentes nationesque fiunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 109:

    id (simulacrum) apud Segestanos positum fuisse,

    id. ib. 4, 80:

    si apud Athenienses non deerant qui rem publicam defenderent,

    id. Sest. 141, and Nep. Milt. 6, 2:

    ille est magistratus apud Siculos, qui etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 131:

    si tu apud Persas deprehensus etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 166:

    Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus fuit Orgetorix,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

    apud omnes Graecos hic mos est, ut etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 158, and id. Fragm. B. 7, 18 B. and K.:

    quod apud Germanos ea consuetudo esset, ut etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 50:

    aliis Germanorum populis usurpatum raro apud Chattos in consensum vertit,

    Tac. G. 31:

    Cui (mihi) neque apud Danaos usquam locus (est),

    Verg. A. 2, 71:

    apud Nahanarvalos antiquae religionis lucus ostenditur,

    Tac. G. 43; 32; 38; 44; id. H. 4, 56; 4, 61; id. A. 2, 1; 2, 45: apud Graecos magis quam in ceteris nationibus exculta est medicina, Cels. praef. 3, 9.—So of an army, in, with, where in with abl. is commonly used:

    qui apud exercitum cum Lucio Lucullo est,

    in the army under L. Lucullus, Cic. Verr. 4, 49; so id. Arch. 11:

    apud exercitum mihi fueris tot annos,

    id. Mur. 45:

    quod Hannibalem etiam nunc cum imperio apud exercitum haberent,

    in the army with a command, Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

    simul manere apud exercitus Titum utile videbatur,

    Tac. H. 5, 10:

    quod XII. pondo argenti habuisset apud exercitum,

    with his troops, Plin. 33, 4, 50, § 143.—
    5.
    In designating the author of a work or of an assertion, apud aliquem, in, by, in the writings of, any one (the work itself being designated by in with abl.; as, de qua in Catone majore satis multa diximus, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

    Socraiem illum, qui est in Phaedro Platonis,

    id. de Or. 1, 7, 28:

    quo in libro,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 47):

    ut scriptum apud eundem Caelium est,

    Cic. Div. 1, 26, 55:

    apud Xenophontem autem moriens Cyrus major haec dicit,

    id. Sen. 22, 79:

    quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum, quod etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 9, 28:

    apud Agathoclem scriptum in historia est,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 50:

    ut est apud poetam nescio quem,

    id. Phil. 2, 65:

    Quod enim est apud Ennium, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

    de qua (ambitione) praeclare apud eundem est Platonem, simile etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 87:

    Apud Varronem ita est, etc.,

    Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 348:

    ut video scriptum apud Graecos,

    Cic. Scaur. 4:

    invenio apud quosdam auctores,

    Tac. H. 2, 37; so id. A. 1, 81; 3, 3:

    reperio apud scriptores,

    id. ib. 2, 88:

    apud Solonem,

    i. e. in his laws, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 64:

    cui bono est, si apud te Agamemnon diserte loquitur, i. e. in tragoediis tuis,

    Tac. Or. 9. —Also of speakers:

    apud quosdam acerbior in conviciis narrabatur,

    Tac. Agr. 22.—
    6.
    a.. Est aliquid apud aliquem = est alicui aliquid, apud aliquem being equivalent to dat. of possessor:

    quae (scientia auguralis) mihi videtur apud majores fuisse dupliciter, ut etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33:

    juris civilis magnum usum apud multos fuisse,

    id. Brut. 41, 152:

    cum apud eum summum esset imperium populi,

    Nep. Phoc. 2, 4:

    omnis gratia, potentia, honos, divitiae apud illos sunt,

    Sall. C. 20, 8:

    par gloria apud Hannibalem hostesque Poenos erat,

    Liv. 22, 30, 8:

    apud quos nulla loricarum galearumve tegmina (erant),

    Tac. A. 12, 35:

    pecuniam ac dona majora apud Romanos (esse),

    id. H. 4, 76:

    minorem esse apud victos animum,

    id. ib. 3, 1;

    2, 75: quando quidem est apud te virtuti honos,

    Liv. 2, 1, 15: Phoebo sua semper apud me Munera sunt, Phoebus has his gifts with me, i. e. I have his gifts for Phoebus, Verg. E. 3, 62; so Hor. C. 3, 29, 5:

    apud te est fons vitae,

    Vulg. Psa. 35, 10:

    apud Dominum (est) misericordia,

    ib. ib. 129, 7.—
    b.
    Est aliquid apud aliquem also simply denotes that something is in one's hands, in his power, at his disposal:

    erat ei apud me pauxillulum Nummorum,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:

    negasse habere se (phaleras): apud alium quoque eas habuisse depositas,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 29:

    multa (signa) deposita apud amicos,

    id. ib. 4, 36:

    apud quem inventus est scyphus,

    Vulg. Gen. 44, 16; ib. [p. 147] Exod. 22, 4; ib. Deut. 24, 12.—So also of persons:

    te pix atra agitet apud carnuficem,

    in the hands of, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 65:

    qui (obsides) apud eum sint,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31; 1, 33.—
    c.
    Apud aliquem = alicui, the dat. of indir. obj.:

    remanet gloria apud me, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 194 Rib.: nihil apud Siculum, nihil apud civem Romanum tota in Sicilia reliquisse,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 2:

    si (cura rei publicae) apud Othonem relinqueretur,

    Tac. H. 1, 13; 1, 20:

    qui judicia manere apud ordinem Senatorium volunt,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 8:

    neque praemia caedis apud interfectorem mansura,

    Tac. H. 2, 70; id. A. 15, 7:

    fidens apud aliquem obligare,

    Dig. 16, 1, 27.—So rarely with adjj.:

    Essetne apud te is servos acceptissimus?

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 56:

    non dicam amicum tuum, quod apud homines carissimum est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 110:

    apud publicanos gratiosus fuisti,

    id. ib. 2, 169; 4, 38; id. Fl. 76; id. Lig. 31: Apud homines hoc impossibile est;

    apud Deum autem omnia possibilia sunt,

    Vulg. Matt. 19, 26; ib. Marc. 10, 27.
    II.
    Transf. In designations of place,
    A.
    At, near, about, around, before (esp. freq. in the post-Aug. histt.) = ad, prope, circum, ante: tibi servi multi apud mensam adstant, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 893 P. (Com. Rel. p. 10 Rib.):

    verecundari neminem apud mensam decet,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 77:

    Quid apud hasce aedis negotii est tibi?

    id. Am. 1, 1, 194:

    Quid illisce homines quaerunt apud aedis meas?

    id. Most. 4, 2, 26; id. Trin. 4, 2, 25: apud ignem adsidere, Turp. ap. Non. p. 522, 26 (Com. Rel. p. 100 Rib.); Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 86, 16:

    navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 17:

    apud Tenedum pugna illa navalis,

    Cic. Arch. 21:

    ut apud Salamina classem suam constituerent,

    Nep. Them. 3, 4:

    apud oppidum morati,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 7:

    agri in Hispania apud Karthaginem Novam,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 5:

    bellatum apud Actium,

    Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 72; 3, 76:

    Pugnabant alii tardis apud Ilion armis,

    Ov. R. Am. 163:

    morabatur in castris apud Galgalam,

    Vulg. Jos. 10, 6:

    quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Trojae,

    Verg. A. 11, 288:

    apud vetustam turrem, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 189 Rib.: apud castellum consedisse,

    Tac. A. 4, 25:

    Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,

    id. H. 3, 35:

    apud vexillum tendentes,

    id. A. 1, 17:

    trepidatur apud naves,

    id. H. 2, 15:

    hostis est non apud Anienem, sed in urbe,

    Cic. Mur. 84; id. Fam. 2, 10, 5:

    quam detraxerat apud rapidum Simoenta sub Ilio alto,

    Verg. A. 5, 261:

    apud abunaantem amnem et rapidas undas Inachi, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.: apud gelidi flumina Hebri,

    Verg. A. 12, 331:

    octo apud Rhenum legiones,

    Tac. A. 1, 3:

    apud ripam Rheni,

    id. ib. 2, 83:

    probavi te apud Aquam Contradictionis,

    Vulg. Psa. 80, 8:

    repertus apud fretum Siciliae,

    Tac. A. 6, 14:

    propitiata Juno apud proximum mare,

    id. ib. 15, 44:

    apud promunturium Miseni consedit in villa,

    id. ib. 6, 50:

    Ut aput nivem et ferarum gelida stabula forem, for in nive etc.,

    Cat. 63, 53 Mull.:

    apud altaria deum pepigere,

    before, Tac. A. 11, 9:

    decernuntur supplicationes apud omnia pulvinaria,

    id. ib. 14, 12 (cf.:

    unum diem circa omnia pulvinaria supplicatio fuit,

    Liv. 41, 9):

    apud Caesaris effigiem procubuit,

    Tac. A. 12, 17; 13, 23:

    quartum apud lapidem substiterat,

    id. ib. 15, 60:

    laudavit ipse apud rostra (for pro rostris),

    Tac. A. 16, 6; so, apud forum (cf.: ad forum under ad, I. A. 3., and in Gr. Sophocl. Trach. 371, pros mesêi agorai;

    on the other hand,

    id. ib. 423, en mesêi agorai; id. ib. 524, têlaugei par ochthôi): Quidam apud forum mihi vendidit, Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 250 Rib.: Ch. Qui scis? By. Apud forum modo e Davo audivi, Ter. And. 2, 1, 2; 1, 5, 18:

    Capuae multa apud forum aedificia de caelo tacta,

    Liv. 41, 9 (Weissenb., in foro):

    quod (templum) apud forum holitorium C. Duilius struxerat,

    Tac. A. 2, 49.—
    B.
    At, in = in with abl. or gen. or abl. of place: CONSVLES SENATVM CONSOLVERVNT N. OCTOB. APVD AEDEM DVELONAI, S. C. de Bacch. I.; so,

    ejus statuam majores apud aedem matris deum consecravisse,

    Tac. A. 4, 64:

    apud villam est,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 1; so Cic. Verr. 4, 22, 48:

    Eum argentum sumpsisse apud Thebas ab danista fenore,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 67:

    deponere apud Solos in delubro pecuniam,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ut rationes apud duas civitates possim relinquere,

    id. Att. 6, 7, 2: qui mense Aprili apud Baias essent, id. Fragm. B. 13, 4, 1 B. and K.;

    13, 4, 4 iid.: seditio militum coepta apud Sucronem,

    Liv. 28, 29:

    donum apud Antium statuitur,

    Tac. A. 3, 71:

    bellis civilibus Maecenatem equestris ordinis cunctis apud Romam atque Italiam praeposuit,

    id. ib. 6, 11:

    Titus in consecrando apud Memphim bove Apide diadema gestavit,

    Suet. Tit. 5:

    quod Judaeam praeterveniens apud Hierosolymam non supplicasset,

    id. Aug. 93:

    apud Mediolanum,

    Lact. Mort. Persec. 48:

    eum pugionem apud Capitolium consecravit,

    Tac. A. 15, 74:

    Equitum Romanorum locos sedilibus plebis anteposuit apud Circum,

    id. ib. 15, 32:

    quae (effigies) apud theatrum Pompei locaretur,

    id. ib. 3, 72:

    qui (rei) apud aerarium pependissent,

    Suet. Dom. 9 Roth:

    cujus (scientiae) apiscendae otium apud Rhodum magistrum Thrasullum habuit,

    Tac. A. 6, 20; 4, 14; so Suet. Aug. 92; Eutr. 7, 13:

    ut civitati Cibyraticae apud Asiam subveniretur,

    Tac. A. 4, 13; 4, 18; 16, 15:

    apud Pharsaliam,

    Liv. Epit. 111:

    apud Palaestinam,

    Eutr. 7, 13:

    qui erant apud Helladam,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 8, 9. —
    III.
    Of time.
    A.
    With words denoting time or occasion, in, at (rare):

    apud saeclum prius,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15:

    aliquem apud judicium persequi,

    at the trial, Cic. Verr. 4, 104.—
    B.
    With words designating persons, with, among, in the time of:

    hostis apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 36:

    fecerunt hoc multi apud majores nostros,

    id. Verr. 2, 118; 5, 148:

    Fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

    id. Mur. 36; id. Off. 2, 24, 85; id. Lael. 2, 6:

    Apud antiquos fuit Petron quidam, Cels. praef. 3, 9: aliam apud Fabricios, aliam apud Scipiones pecuniam (fuisse),

    Tac. A. 2, 33.—
    IV.
    For ad with words implying motion (very rare):

    APVT EVM PERVENIRE,

    Inscr. Grut. 786, 5:

    atque apud hunc eo vicinum,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 70:

    Bito apud aurificem,

    Lucil. 30, 66 Mull.: apud legiones venit, Sall. Fragm. ap. Pomp. Commod. Don. p. 395 Lind.:

    (naves) apud insulas longius sitas ejectae,

    Tac. A. 2, 24:

    qui apud Romanos de societate functus est legatione,

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 4, 11.
    ► Apud has some peculiarities of position, chiefly in Tac.
    (cf. ad, I. fin. b.)
    a.
    It is sometimes placed after its subst.:

    quae fiunt apud fabros, fictores, item alios apud,

    Varr. L. L. 6, 78, p. 104 Mull.:

    Is locus est Cumas aput,

    Lucr. 6, 747 Lachm.:

    montem apud Erycum,

    Tac. A. 4, 43:

    ripam apud Euphratis,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    Misenum apud et Ravennam,

    id. ib. 4, 5 (in Suet. Dom. 9 the editt. vary between aerarium apud and apud aerarium; the latter seems preferable, and is adopted by Oudend., Bremi, Baumg.-Crus., and Roth).—
    b.
    It is sometimes placed between the subst. and adj.:

    barbaras apud gentes,

    Tac. A. 2, 88, 3, 26; 15, 60:

    non modo Graecis in urbibus, sed Romana apud templa,

    id. ib. 14, 14.—
    c.
    Twice in Verg. it stands before the secondary adjunct of its subst.:

    apud durae moenia Trojae, A. 11, 288: apud gelidi flumina Hebri,

    ib. 12, 331. Apud is never found in compound words. V. more on this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 405-416.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > apud

  • 4 prope

        prope adv.    with comp. propius (for sup., see proximē); also praep. with acc.—In space, near, nigh: tam prope Italiam videre: adulescentia voluptates prope intuens (opp. procul): prope est spelunca quaedam: bellum tam prope a Siciliā, so near to: prope a meis aedibus, close by: propius accedamus, T.: paulo propius accedere: ubi propius ventum est, S.—With acc, near, near to, hard by: prope oppidum, Cs.: prope amnem, V.: non modo prope me sed plane mecum habitare: nec propius urbem admovere: castra propius hostem movit, L.: hi propius mare Africum agitabant, S.—With dat. (only comp.): propius stabulis armenta tenere, V.: propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis, N.—In time, near, at hand: partus instabat prope, T.: Prope adest, quom alieno more vivendumst mihi, the time is at hand, T.: nox prope diremit conloquium, i. e. the approach of night, L. —With acc, near, in the phrase, prope diem (less correctly, propediem), at an early day, very soon, shortly, presently: vero nuntio hoc prope diem sentiemus: sperabat prope diem se habiturum, etc., S.: similes prope diem exitūs sequerentur, L.—Fig., in degree, nearly, almost, about: filiam amare, Prope iam ut pro uxore haberet, T.: dolor prope maior quam ceterorum: prope funeratus Arboris ictu, H.: annos prope nonaginta natus: cum hostes prope ad portas essent, L.: prope moenibus succedere, almost to the walls, L.: prope desertum oppidum, L.: princeps prope Stoicorum: his prope verbis: iam prope erat, ut ne consulum maiestas coërceret iram, it had almost come to this, L.: nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequerentur.—With acc, near to: prope metum res fuerat, almost a panic, L.: ea contentio cum prope seditionem veniret, L.: ut propius periculum fuerint, qui vicerunt, L.—In the phrase, prope modum (less correctly, propemodum), nearly, almost, just about: quid enim sors est! idem prope modum, quod micare: adsentior.
    * * *
    I II
    propius, proxime ADV
    near, nearly; close by; almost

    Latin-English dictionary > prope

  • 5 sub

    sŭb (on the form sus from subs v. infra, III.), prep. with acc. and abl. [perh. for es-ub, ens-ub, = ens (eis) and hupo; Sanscr. upa; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 290], under.
    I.
    With abl., to point out the object under which a thing is situated or takes place (Gr. hupo, with dat. or gen.), under, below, beneath, underneath.
    A.
    Of space:

    si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent... nec tamen exissent umquam supra terram,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 72:

    sub aquā,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 28:

    sub vestimentis,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 32; Liv. 1, 58; cf.: saepe est sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56:

    ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 34:

    sub pellibus hiemare,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 23, 18, 15:

    manet sub Jove frigido Venator,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:

    sub divo moreris,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 23:

    vitam sub divo agat,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 5 (v. divus, II.):

    sub terrā vivi demissi sunt,

    Liv. 22, 57:

    sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit,

    id. 3, 28, 11:

    pone (me) sub curru nimium propinqui Solis,

    Hor. C. 1, 22, 21 et saep.— Trop.:

    non parvum sub hoc verbo furtum latet,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 12.—
    2.
    Transf., of lofty objects, at the foot of which, or in whose immediate neighborhood, any thing is situated, under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before:

    sub monte consedit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; so,

    sub monte considere,

    id. ib. 1, 21:

    sub colle constituere,

    id. ib. 7, 49:

    sub montis radicibus esse,

    id. ib. 7, 36 al.:

    sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

    est ager sub urbe,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 107; so,

    sub urbe,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 26; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Hor. C. 3, 19, 4:

    sub Veteribus,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 19:

    sub Novis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266 Orell. N. cr.; id. Ac. 2, 22, 70 Goer. N. cr.; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

    sub basilicā,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 11 et saep.— Trop.:

    sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.:

    omnia sub oculis erant,

    Liv. 4, 28; cf. Vell. 2, 21, 3:

    classem sub ipso ore urbis incendit,

    Flor. 2, 15.—
    B.
    Of time, in, within, during, at, by:

    ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum irrumperent,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    sub decessu suo,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 49:

    sub luce,

    Ov. M. 1, 494; Hor. A. P. 363; Liv. 25, 24:

    sub eodem tempore,

    Ov. F. 5, 491:

    sub somno,

    Cels. 3, 18 med. al.—
    C.
    In other relations, where existence under or in the immediate vicinity of any thing may be conceived.
    1.
    Under, in rank or order; hence, next to, immediately after: Euryalumque Helymus sequitur;

    quo deinde sub ipso Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores,

    Verg. A. 5, 322.—
    2.
    In gen., of subjection, domination, stipulation, influence, effect, reason, etc., under, beneath, with:

    omnes ordine sub signis ducam legiones meas,

    under my standards, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71: sub armis vitam cernere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.); so,

    sub armis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 42:

    sub sarcinis,

    id. B. G. 2, 17; 3, 24:

    sub onere,

    id. B. C. 1, 66 et saep.—
    3.
    Trop., under, subject to, in the power of; during, in the time of, upon, etc.:

    sub Veneris regno vapulo, non sub Jovis,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 13:

    sub regno esse,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    sub imperio alicujus esse,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 4:

    sub dicione atque imperio alicujus esse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Auct. B. Alex. 66, 6; Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Con. 4, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; cf.:

    sub Corbulone Armenios pellere,

    Tac. H. 3, 24: sub manu alicujus esse, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2;

    sub rege,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43; Hor. C. 3, 5, 9:

    sub Hannibale,

    Liv. 25, 40:

    sub dominā meretrice,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 25:

    sub nutrice,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 99:

    sub judice lis est,

    id. A. P. 78:

    praecipua sub Domitiano miseriarum pars erat,

    during the reign of, Tac. Agr. 45:

    scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5:

    gnarus sub Nerone temporum,

    Tac. Agr. 6; Suet. Tit. 8 et saep.:

    sub vulnere,

    from the effects of the wound, Ov. M. 5, 62; cf.:

    sub judice,

    under, id. ib. 13, 190:

    nullo sub indice,

    forced by no betrayer, id. ib. 13, 34.—So in certain phrases where the simple abl. is more freq.:

    sub pacto abolitionis dominationem deponere,

    Quint. 9, 2, 97:

    sub condicione,

    Liv. 6, 40, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    sub condicionibus,

    id. 21, 12, 4:

    sub eā condicione, ne cui fidem meam obstringam,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11:

    sub eā condicione, si esset, etc.,

    id. ib. 8, 18, 4; so,

    sub condicione, ut (ne, si, etc.),

    Suet. Tib. 44; 13; id. Caes. 68; id. Claud. 24; id. Vit. 6:

    sub specie (= specie, or per speciem): sub specie infidae pacis quieti,

    Liv. 9, 45, 5; 36, 7, 12; 44, 24, 4:

    sub tutelae specie,

    Curt. 10, 6, 21; Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 2; cf.:

    sub nomine pacis bellum latet,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 17:

    sub alienis auspiciis rem gerere,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 6:

    sub lege, ne,

    Suet. Aug. 21:

    sub exceptione, si,

    id. Caes. 78:

    sub poenā mortis,

    id. Calig. 48:

    servitutis,

    id. Tib. 36 et saep.:

    sub frigido sudore mori,

    Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin. —
    II.
    With acc., to point out the object under which a thing comes, goes, extends, etc. (Gr. hupo, with acc.), under, below, beneath.
    A.
    Of space, usually with verbs of motion:

    et datores et factores omnes subdam sub solum,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 18:

    manum sub vestimenta deferre,

    id. Bacch. 3, 3, 78:

    cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    exercitum sub jugum mittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 1, 12; Sall. J. 38, 9 Dietsch ad loc.:

    sub furcam ire,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 66:

    sub divum rapere,

    id. C. 1, 18, 13:

    sub terras ire,

    Verg. A. 4, 654. — Trop.:

    sub judicium sapientis et delectum cadunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61:

    quae sub sensus subjecta sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat,

    id. Or. 20, 67:

    columbae Ipsa sub ora viri venere,

    Verg. A. 6, 191:

    quod sub oculos venit,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 6.—Rarely with verb of rest:

    quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus,

    Luc. 7, 364.—
    2.
    Transf. (cf. supra, I. A. 2.), of lofty objects, to the foot of which, or into whose immediate neighborhood, any thing comes, or near to which it extends, under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards, etc.:

    sub montem succedunt milites,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45:

    sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 41:

    missi sunt sub muros,

    Liv. 44, 45:

    Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem,

    Tac. H. 5, 11; 3, 21:

    aedes suas detulit sub Veliam,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54:

    arat finem sub utrumque colonus,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 35:

    jactatus amnis Ostia sub Tusci,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 33:

    (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum,

    Ov. M. 12, 389:

    sub orientem secutus Armenios,

    Flor. 3, 5.—
    B.
    Of time, denoting a close approximation.
    1.
    Before, towards, about, shortly before, up to, until:

    Pompeius sub noctem naves solvit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 28; so,

    sub noctem,

    Verg. A. 1, 662; Hor. C. 1, 9, 19; id. S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 7, 109; id. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

    sub vesperum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33; id. B. C. 1, 42:

    sub lucem,

    id. B. G. 7, 83; Verg. G. 1, 445:

    sub lumina prima,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 33:

    sub tempus edendi,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

    sub dies festos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

    sub galli cantum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 10:

    usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem,

    Verg. G. 1, 211:

    simulacra Visa sub obscurum noctis,

    id. ib. 1, 478:

    prima vel autumni sub frigora,

    id. ib. 2, 321:

    quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem,

    Liv. 21, 2, 1.—
    2.
    After, immediately after, just after, immediately upon:

    sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4:

    sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt,

    Liv. 7, 31:

    sub adventum praetoris,

    id. 23, 15, 1; 23, 16, 3; 45, 10, 10:

    sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit,

    id. 35, 31:

    sub hoc erus inquit,

    hereupon, Hor. S. 2, 8, 43.—
    C.
    In other relations, in which a coming under any thing may be conceived:

    lepide hoc succedit sub manus negotium,

    comes to hand, convenient, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59:

    sub manus succedere,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 7; id. Pers. 4, 1, 2: sub manum submittere, at hand, convenient, Auct. B. Afr. 36, 1:

    sub ictum venire,

    Liv. 27, 18:

    sub manum annuntiari,

    Suet. Aug. 49 (al. sub manu; cf.

    supra, I. C.): sub legum et judiciorum potestatem cadere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

    sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

    id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

    incolas sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,

    Nep. Milt. 1:

    matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis,

    Liv. 4, 4:

    sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati,

    Curt. 3, 8, 2.—
    III.
    In composition, the b remains unchanged before vowels and before b, d, j, l, n, s, t, v. Before m and r it is frequently, and before the remaining consonants, c, f, g, p, it is regularly assimilated. Yet here the MSS. vary, as in ob, ad, in, etc. Before some words commencing with c. p, t, it assumes the form sus, by the rejection of the b from a collateral form subs (analog. to abs); e. g. suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustuli, sustollo. Before s, with a following consonant, there remains merely su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro; cf., however: substerno, substituo, substo, substruo al.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, 775 sqq.—
    B.
    In composition, sub denotes,
    1.
    Lit., a being situated or contained under, a putting or bringing under, or a going in under any thing: subaeratus, subcavus; subdo, subigo, subicio; subhaereo, subaperio; subedo.—
    2.
    Hence, also, a concealing or being concealed behind something; a secret action: subnoto, surripio, suffuror, subausculto, suborno. —
    3.
    Transf., a being placed or ranked under: subcenturio, subcurator, subcustos, etc.; or a being or doing any thing in a lower or inferior degree, a little, somewhat, rather, slightly: subabsurdus, subagrestis, subalbus, etc.; subaccusare, subirascor, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sub

  • 6 Circa

    1.
    circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    ( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

    gramen erat circa,

    Ov. M. 3, 411:

    ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

    Verg. A. 12, 757:

    at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

    Tib. 1, 3, 87:

    circaque quā tumor est,

    Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

    circa Padus amnis,

    id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

    Curt. 4, 12, 20:

    alibi quam Romao circaque,

    Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—
    B.
    Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

    ex montibus qui circa sunt,

    Liv. 1, 4, 6:

    Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

    id. 1, 41, 1:

    sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

    Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

    eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

    Liv. 34, 29, 6:

    Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

    Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

    multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

    the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

    42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

    id. 21, 7, 5:

    corpora multa virūm circa,

    Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—
    C.
    Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

    nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

    id. 9, 23, 10:

    cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

    id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

    exhausto circa omni agro,

    id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—
    II.
    Prep. with acc.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    ( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

    quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

    circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

    circa equum Alexandri,

    Curt. 4, 15, 26:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

    quem circa tigres jacent,

    Ov. M. 3, 668.—
    2.
    ( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

    Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

    Liv. 1, 9, 2:

    legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

    id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

    circa domos ire,

    id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

    29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

    id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

    litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

    Liv. 42, 51, 1:

    custodes circa omnes portas missi,

    id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—
    3.
    ( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

    Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

    circa Liternum posuit castra,

    in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

    tabernae erant circa forum,

    Quint. 6, 3, 38:

    circa Armeniae montes,

    Curt. 5, 1, 13:

    Acesinen amnem,

    Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

    domum auream,

    Suet. Ner. 38:

    sacrificantem,

    id. Claud. 36.—
    b.
    As a less definite designation of place for in:

    Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

    Vell. 1, 2, 5:

    circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

    Curt. 4, 9, 1:

    quod circa Syriam nascitur,

    Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

    Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

    id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

    finem,

    id. 4, 3, 5:

    virentes campos,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

    cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

    dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

    Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

    quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

    Liv. 21, 37, 3:

    compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

    id. 28, 7, 9:

    iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

    id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

    id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    4.
    ( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

    multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

    ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

    Liv. 29, 1, 2:

    omnes,

    Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

    circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

    Curt. 3, 1, 17:

    e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

    id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

    quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

    Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

    circa latus alicujus agere,

    to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

    omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

    Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—
    B.
    (Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

    circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

    Liv. 42, 57, 10:

    circa eum mensem,

    Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

    lucis ortum,

    Curt. 5, 3, 7:

    lucem,

    Suet. Oth. 11:

    mediam noctem,

    id. Claud. 2:

    vernum aequinoctium,

    Col. 5, 6, 19:

    Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

    id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

    septimum diem,

    Cels. 2, 6:

    undecimam horam,

    Suet. Caes. 88:

    lustra decem,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

    tempora illa,

    Quint. 11, 3, 143:

    tempora Peloponnesia,

    id. 12, 10, 4:

    Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

    Vell. 2, 93, 1:

    Magni Pompeii aetatem,

    Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

    mortem,

    id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

    initia imperii,

    Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

    circa Demetrium Phalerea,

    about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

    Tisiam et Coraca,

    id. 2, 17, 7:

    Philippum,

    id. 12, 10, 6:

    Ciceronem,

    Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

    Attium,

    Vell. 1, 17, 1.—
    2.
    In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

    ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

    Liv. 45, 34, 6:

    quingentos Romanorum,

    id. 27, 42, 8:

    decem milia Persarum,

    Curt. 4, 6, 30:

    sestertium vicies,

    Suet. Claud. 6:

    quartum milliarium,

    id. Ner. 48:

    selibram,

    Cels. 4, 19:

    singulas heminas,

    id. 7, 15.—
    C.
    (Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.
    1.
    Upon substantives:

    circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

    Quint. 10, 5, 5:

    circa S litteram deliciae,

    id. 1, 11, 6:

    verba dissensio,

    id. 3, 11, 5:

    memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

    id. 11, 2, 22:

    hoc opiniones,

    id. 2, 15, 1;

    Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

    Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

    voces inani studio,

    id. 8, prooem §

    18 et saep: rura sermo,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

    classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

    Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

    hospitia nullum fastidium,

    id. Pan. 20, 3:

    publica circa bonas artes socordia,

    Tac. A. 11, 15:

    principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

    Suet. Claud. 14.—
    2.
    Upon adjectives:

    non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 12:

    jus nostrum attentior,

    id. 4, 5, 21:

    studia mentis erectae,

    id. 1, 3, 10:

    lites raras ridiculi,

    id. 7, 1, 43:

    praecepta utiles sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

    corporis curam morosior,

    Suet. Caes. 45:

    victum indifferens,

    id. ib. 53:

    deos ac religiones neglegentior,

    id. Tib. 69:

    administrationem imperii vacuus,

    id. Dom. 3 al.:

    summa scelera distentum,

    Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

    adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

    id. G. 28:

    excessus otiosus,

    id. Or. 22:

    se animati,

    Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —
    3.
    Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

    hoc disputatum est,

    id. 1, 5, 34:

    priores erratur,

    id. 2, 5, 26:

    formas litterarum haerere,

    id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

    consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

    Tac. H. 1, 13:

    Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

    id. Or. 3:

    successorem omnia ordinari,

    Suet. Claud. 45:

    ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

    id. ib. 22.
    ► Circa very rarely follows its case:

    quem circa,

    Cic.
    Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.
    2.
    Circa, ae, v. Circe.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Circa

  • 7 circa

    1.
    circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    ( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

    gramen erat circa,

    Ov. M. 3, 411:

    ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

    Verg. A. 12, 757:

    at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

    Tib. 1, 3, 87:

    circaque quā tumor est,

    Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

    circa Padus amnis,

    id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

    Curt. 4, 12, 20:

    alibi quam Romao circaque,

    Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—
    B.
    Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

    ex montibus qui circa sunt,

    Liv. 1, 4, 6:

    Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

    id. 1, 41, 1:

    sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

    Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

    eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

    Liv. 34, 29, 6:

    Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

    Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

    multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

    the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

    42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

    id. 21, 7, 5:

    corpora multa virūm circa,

    Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—
    C.
    Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

    nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

    id. 9, 23, 10:

    cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

    id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

    exhausto circa omni agro,

    id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—
    II.
    Prep. with acc.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    ( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

    quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

    circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

    circa equum Alexandri,

    Curt. 4, 15, 26:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

    quem circa tigres jacent,

    Ov. M. 3, 668.—
    2.
    ( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

    Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

    Liv. 1, 9, 2:

    legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

    id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

    circa domos ire,

    id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

    29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

    id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

    litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

    Liv. 42, 51, 1:

    custodes circa omnes portas missi,

    id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—
    3.
    ( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

    Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

    circa Liternum posuit castra,

    in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

    tabernae erant circa forum,

    Quint. 6, 3, 38:

    circa Armeniae montes,

    Curt. 5, 1, 13:

    Acesinen amnem,

    Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

    domum auream,

    Suet. Ner. 38:

    sacrificantem,

    id. Claud. 36.—
    b.
    As a less definite designation of place for in:

    Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

    Vell. 1, 2, 5:

    circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

    Curt. 4, 9, 1:

    quod circa Syriam nascitur,

    Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

    Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

    id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

    finem,

    id. 4, 3, 5:

    virentes campos,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

    cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

    dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

    Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

    quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

    Liv. 21, 37, 3:

    compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

    id. 28, 7, 9:

    iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

    id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

    id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    4.
    ( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

    multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

    ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

    Liv. 29, 1, 2:

    omnes,

    Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

    circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

    Curt. 3, 1, 17:

    e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

    id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

    quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

    Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

    circa latus alicujus agere,

    to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

    omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

    Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—
    B.
    (Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

    circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

    Liv. 42, 57, 10:

    circa eum mensem,

    Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

    lucis ortum,

    Curt. 5, 3, 7:

    lucem,

    Suet. Oth. 11:

    mediam noctem,

    id. Claud. 2:

    vernum aequinoctium,

    Col. 5, 6, 19:

    Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

    id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

    septimum diem,

    Cels. 2, 6:

    undecimam horam,

    Suet. Caes. 88:

    lustra decem,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

    tempora illa,

    Quint. 11, 3, 143:

    tempora Peloponnesia,

    id. 12, 10, 4:

    Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

    Vell. 2, 93, 1:

    Magni Pompeii aetatem,

    Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

    mortem,

    id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

    initia imperii,

    Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

    circa Demetrium Phalerea,

    about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

    Tisiam et Coraca,

    id. 2, 17, 7:

    Philippum,

    id. 12, 10, 6:

    Ciceronem,

    Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

    Attium,

    Vell. 1, 17, 1.—
    2.
    In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

    ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

    Liv. 45, 34, 6:

    quingentos Romanorum,

    id. 27, 42, 8:

    decem milia Persarum,

    Curt. 4, 6, 30:

    sestertium vicies,

    Suet. Claud. 6:

    quartum milliarium,

    id. Ner. 48:

    selibram,

    Cels. 4, 19:

    singulas heminas,

    id. 7, 15.—
    C.
    (Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.
    1.
    Upon substantives:

    circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

    Quint. 10, 5, 5:

    circa S litteram deliciae,

    id. 1, 11, 6:

    verba dissensio,

    id. 3, 11, 5:

    memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

    id. 11, 2, 22:

    hoc opiniones,

    id. 2, 15, 1;

    Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

    Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

    voces inani studio,

    id. 8, prooem §

    18 et saep: rura sermo,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

    classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

    Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

    hospitia nullum fastidium,

    id. Pan. 20, 3:

    publica circa bonas artes socordia,

    Tac. A. 11, 15:

    principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

    Suet. Claud. 14.—
    2.
    Upon adjectives:

    non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 12:

    jus nostrum attentior,

    id. 4, 5, 21:

    studia mentis erectae,

    id. 1, 3, 10:

    lites raras ridiculi,

    id. 7, 1, 43:

    praecepta utiles sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

    corporis curam morosior,

    Suet. Caes. 45:

    victum indifferens,

    id. ib. 53:

    deos ac religiones neglegentior,

    id. Tib. 69:

    administrationem imperii vacuus,

    id. Dom. 3 al.:

    summa scelera distentum,

    Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

    adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

    id. G. 28:

    excessus otiosus,

    id. Or. 22:

    se animati,

    Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —
    3.
    Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

    hoc disputatum est,

    id. 1, 5, 34:

    priores erratur,

    id. 2, 5, 26:

    formas litterarum haerere,

    id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

    consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

    Tac. H. 1, 13:

    Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

    id. Or. 3:

    successorem omnia ordinari,

    Suet. Claud. 45:

    ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

    id. ib. 22.
    ► Circa very rarely follows its case:

    quem circa,

    Cic.
    Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.
    2.
    Circa, ae, v. Circe.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circa

  • 8 circā

        circā adv.    and praep., later for circum.    I. Adv, around, round about, all around, near: gramen erat circa, O.: ripae Responsant circa, V.: ex montibus qui circa sunt, which are around, L.: sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant, who were at hand, N.: multarum circa civitatum inritatis animis, the surrounding towns, L.: corpora multa virūm circa, V.: farre ex agris circa undique convecto, all around, L.: cum circa omnia hostium essent, L.—    II. Praep. with acc. (sometimes after or separated from the acc.). — In space, about, around, on the side of, surrounding, encompassing: quam (Hennam) circa sunt flores: ligna contulerunt circa casam, N.: aes triplex Circa pectus, H.: quem circa tigres iacent, O. — Around, about, among, through: Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit, L.: circa domos ire, L.: circa civitates miserat nuntios, L.—In the region of, near to, near by: urbīs circa Capuam occupare: circa Liternum posuit castra, in the neighborhood of, L. —In vague designations of a place, in, at, about: Circa virentīs campos, H.: cum amor Saeviet circa iecur, H.: quadriduum circa rupem consumptum, L.: circa unam rem ambitūs facere, L.—Of persons as attendants, around, with, attending, accompanying: canes quos circa se haberet: trecentos iuvenes circa se habebat, L. — In time, about: circa eandem horam, L.: Circa lustra decem, H. —In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost: circa quingentos Romanorum, L.—Fig., about, in respect to: circa adfectationem originis, Ta.
    * * *
    I
    around, all around; round about; near, in vicinity/company; on either side
    II
    around, on bounds of; about/near (space/time/numeral); concerning; with

    Latin-English dictionary > circā

  • 9 sub

        sub    (in composition sometimes sus- or sū-), praep. with acc. and abl.    I. With abl., of position in space, under, below, beneath, underneath, behind: sub terrā habitare: cultrum sub veste abditum habere, L.: sub pellibus hiemare, Cs.: manet sub Iove frigido Venator, H.: sub hoc iugo dictator Aequos misit, L.: Pone (me) sub curru Solis, H. —Under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before: sub monte considere, Cs.: sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus: sub urbe, T.: Monte sub aërio, at, i. e. high upon, V.: sub ipsā acie, in the midst of the fight, V.: sub ipso Ecce volat Diores, close upon him, V.: sub oculis domini, Cs.—Under, burdened by, hampered by, bearing: sub armis, Cs.: sub onere, Cs.—Of time, in, within, during, at, by, in the time of: ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum inrumperent, Cs.: sub luce, at dawn, O.: sub luce videri, by daylight, H.: hoc sub casu, while suffering, V.: sub Domitiano, during the reign of, Ta.—Fig., under, subject to, in the power of, governed by: sub regno esse: quoius sub imperiost, T.: sub illorum dicione esse, Cs.: sub Hannibale, L.: sub iudice lis est, H.: venibit sub praecone Propontis, i. e. at auction.—Under, compelled by (poet.): exhalans sub volnere vitam, O.: quem falsā sub proditione Demisere neci, overwhelmed by, V.: in arma nullo sub indice veni, forced by no betrayer, O.—Under, concealed by, hidden in: sub hoc verbo furtum latet.—Rarely with specie or condicione (for the abl. alone): sub specie infidae pacis quieti, L.: sub tutelae specie, Cu.: sub condicione, L.: sub condicionibus, L.—    II. With acc., of direction of motion, under, below, beneath: cum se luna sub orbem solis subiecisset: exercitum sub iugum mittere, Cs.: Ibis sub furcam, H.—Under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards: sub montem succedere, Cs.: missi sunt sub muros, L.: aedīs suas detulit sub Veliam: (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum, O.—Of time, before, on the approach of, towards, about, just before, up to, until: sub noctem naves solvit, Cs.: sub tempus (comitiorum) pueros ablegavit, L.: sub lumina prima, H.: sub dies festos: Usque sub extremum brumae imbrem, V.: quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem, L.—After, immediately after, following, just after, immediately upon: sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, L.: sub hoc, hereupon, H.—Fig., under, into subjection to, into the power of: sub legum potestatem cadere: matrimonium vos sub legis vincula conicitis, L.: sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati, Cu.: quae sub sensūs subiecta sunt.—    III. In composition, sub is unchanged before vowels and before b, d, h, i consonant, l, n, s, t, v. The b is often assimilated before m, r, and usu. before c, f, g, p, but the form sus (for * subs, cf. abs) is found in suscenseo, suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustento, sustineo, sustollo, and sustuli (perf. of tollo); the form su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro. It denotes, in place, under, beneath, as in subdo, subicio.—Fig., in rank or power, under, inferior, as in subigo, subcenturio.—In degree, less, a little, somewhat, as in subabsurdus, subaccuso.—Secretly, underhandedly, as in subripio, suborno.
    * * *
    I
    under, beneath, behind, at the foot of (rest); within; during, about (time)
    II
    under; up to, up under, close to (of motion); until, before, up to, about

    Latin-English dictionary > sub

  • 10 aput

        aput    praep. with acc, with, at, by, near.    I. Of persons, before, in the presence of, to: apud alquem sedere: me: alquem apud aliquos vituperare: causam apud iudices defendere: verba apud senatum fecit. — Among, with: quae apud eos gerantur, cognoscere, Cs.: apud quos consul fuerat: apud exercitum esse. — At the house of: apud me sis volo, T.: apud Domitium cenare: apud quem erat educatus, in whose family: apud se in castris, at his quarters, Cs. — Fig., with, in the view or mind of, among, over, in the opinion of: Itane parvam mihi fidem esse apud te? T.: apud Helvetios nobilissimus, Cs.: apud alquem multum valere, N. — In the power of, in the possession of, with esse: omnis gratia, potentia, honos... apud eos sunt, S.: par gloria apud Hannibalem... erat, L.: erat ei... apud me relicuom pauxillulum Nummorum, a balance due him, T.: (signa) deposita apud amicos.—With pron reflex., at home, in one's senses, sane (colloq.): non sum apud me, T.: fac apud te ut sies, T. — In the writings of: apud Xenophontem Cyrus dicit: apud quosdam acerbior in conviciis narrabatur, Ta. — In the time of, among: apud maiores nostros. —    II. Of place, at, near, in: apud forum, T.: apud Tenedum pugna navalis: nuntius victoriae apud Cannas, L.: apud oppidum morati, Cs.: non apud Anienem, sed in urbe. — Fig., of time: apud saeclum prius, T.
    * * *
    at, by, near, among; at the house of; before, in presence/writings/view/eyes of

    Latin-English dictionary > aput

  • 11 citer

    cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].
    I.
    On this side:

    citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

    citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    in Galliā citeriore,

    id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:

    citerior Hispania,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:

    Arabia,

    Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:

    Oceanus,

    Flor. 4, 12, 46:

    ripa,

    Vell. 2, 107, 1.—
    II.
    As that which is on this side is nearer to us than its opposite, lying near, near, close to.
    A.
    In space:

    (stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:

    citima Persidis (sc. loca),

    Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —
    2.
    Trop.:

    deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

    quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,

    id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:

    ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,

    id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:

    nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,

    id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:

    citerioris vitae minister,

    private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—
    B.
    In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:

    Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,

    Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:

    in antiquius citeriusve,

    Vell. 1, 17, 2:

    citeriore die (opp. longiore),

    Dig. 23, 4, 15.—
    C.
    In measure or degree, small, little:

    citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,

    Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:

    citerius debito resistere,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—
    III.
    Hence,
    A.
    cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).
    1.
    Prop.
    (α).
    Adv.:

    (dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,

    neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:

    ultra citraque pervolare,

    Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

    citra est Oglasa,

    id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:

    citra fuere margines,

    id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

    is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,

    citra Veliam,

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    citra mare,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:

    mare citra,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 31:

    citra flumen intercepti,

    Liv. 21, 48, 6:

    citra Tauri juga,

    id. 38, 48, 1 al. —

    With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

    ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—
    2.
    (Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.
    (α).
    Adv.:

    non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,

    not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:

    paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,

    Liv. 10, 25, 4:

    citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:

    citra exsultare,

    id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,

    before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:

    cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,

    Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—
    b.
    Trop.
    (α).
    Adv. of measure:

    neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:

    culta citra quam debuit illa,

    id. P. 1, 7, 55.—
    (β).
    With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;

    Nec virtus citra genus est,

    is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:

    glans cum citra satietatem data est,

    not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,

    fatigationem,

    Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

    scelus,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:

    citra necem tua constitit ira,

    id. ib. 2, 127:

    usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,

    Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —
    c.
    In time (with acc. rare;

    perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,

    Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:

    Trojana tempora,

    Ov. M. 8, 365:

    juventam,

    id. ib. 10, 84:

    temporis finem,

    Dig. 49, 16, 15.—
    3.
    Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:

    citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,

    Col. 2, 2, 20:

    plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,

    Quint. 12, 6, 4:

    Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,

    id. 12, 10, 9:

    vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,

    id. 12, 2, 1; so,

    accusationem,

    id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:

    tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,

    id. 2, 16, 13:

    citra invidiam,

    Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:

    citra ullum aliud incommodum,

    id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

    citra dolorem,

    id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:

    morsum,

    Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

    vulnus,

    id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:

    citra fidem,

    Tac. Agr. 1:

    citra speciem aut delectationem,

    id. G. 16:

    citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,

    Suet. Caes. 28:

    commoda emeritorum,

    id. Aug. 24:

    spem omnium fortuna cessit,

    Flor. 3, 1, 2:

    etiam citra spectaculorum dies,

    i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:

    citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,

    excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—
    B.
    cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):

    ultro ac citro commeare,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:

    sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:

    qui ultro citroque navigarent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

    cursare ultro et citro,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):

    bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:

    cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:

    multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:

    beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,

    Liv. 44, 23, 2:

    datā ultro citroque fide,

    id. 29, 23, 5:

    inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

    Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:

    ultro citroque versus,

    Amm. 30, 3, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > citer

  • 12 circiter

    circĭter, adv. and prep. [circus].
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    Of place, round about, on every side: lapidem fuisse quadratum circiter (i. e. cubical) in mediā arcā vinctum candelis quaquaversum, Cass. Hem. ap. Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 85 (cf. the passage cited under circum, I. A. 1., from Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3).—
    B.
    Of time, designating nearness to a fixed point, about, near (cf. ante, post):

    illic noster est fortasse circiter triennium,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 79:

    circiter duobus mensibus,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 6:

    diebus circiter quindecim ad fines Belgarum pervenit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

    horā diei circiter quartā,

    id. ib. 4, 23: circiter horā decimā noctis, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 1: circiter luminibus accensis Uticam pervenit, Auct. B. Afr. 89 fin. —
    C.
    Of number, about, near, not far from:

    circiter quingentae species,

    Varr. L. L. 6, 5, 61:

    circiter CCXX. naves eorum paratissimae,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    circiter milia hominum CXXX. superfuerunt,

    id. ib. 1, 26; 1, 27;

    1, 31: circiter pars quarta,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    mons suberat circiter mille passuum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    circiter duūm milium intervallo,

    Sall. J. 106, 5:

    circiter parte tertiā (armorum) celatā et in oppido retentā, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 32 fin.; 1, 25:

    ita dies circiter quindecim iter fecerunt,

    id. ib. 1, 15:

    hic locus ab hoste circiter passus sexcentos aberat,

    id. ib. 1, 49:

    ad flumen Rhenum milia passuum ex eo loco circiter quinque pervenerunt,

    id. ib. 1, 53:

    cum decem circiter milia ab hoste abessent,

    Liv. 28, 1, 7.—
    II.
    Prep. with acc. (orig. an adv. with acc. of time or of space traversed; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 71 sq.).
    A.
    Of place (very rare): nisi, ut opinor, Loca haec circiter excidit mihi (cista), Plaut, Cist. 4, 2, 8.—
    B.
    Transf., of time, about, near:

    redito huc circiter meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 52 Ritschl:

    circiter meridiem exercitum in castra deduxit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 50:

    nos circiter Kalendas in Formiano erimus,

    Cic. Att. 2, 4, 6:

    circiter Idus Novembrīs in Italiā speramus fore,

    id. Fam. 14, 5, 2:

    circiter Idus Maias,

    id. Att. 2, 17, 1:

    noctem, Auct. B. Afr. 89: mensem,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 8, 3; 2, 11, 7;

    Kalendas Junias,

    Sall. C. 17, 1:

    octavam circiter horam,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 47.
    ► Circiter very rarely follows its case; v.
    Plaut. Cist. II. A. supra.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circiter

  • 13 C

    C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;

    hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),

    Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > C

  • 14 c

    C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;

    hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),

    Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > c

  • 15 Alpes

    Alpes, ĭum (rare in sing., Alpis, is, = hê Alpis; cf. Rudd. I. p. 157, n. 78), f., = hai Alpeis [v. albus], High mountains; and kat exochên, the high mountains of Switzerland, the Alps, unknown to the Romans, in their whole extent, until the time of Augustus. The three principal ranges, running S.W. and N.E., are,
    I.
    The western division between Italy and France.
    A.
    Alpes Maritimae, the Maritime Alps, extending from the sources of the Var, in a S.E. direction, to the sea, between the present Nice and Piedmont. North of these are,
    B.
    Alpes Cottiae (so called from Cottius, a prefect in that region under Augustus), the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest peak was Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genevre. Next to these, on the north.
    C.
    Alpes Graiae (Graiae, a Celtic word of uncertain signif., sometimes falsely referred to Hercules Graius, Nep. Hann. 3, 4), the Graian Alps, extending to Mont Blanc (Alpis Graia is the Little St. Bernard).—
    II.
    East of these, the middle division, as the northern boundary of Italy.
    A.
    Alpes Penninae (so called from the deity Penninus, worshipped there; acc. to some, with the orthog. Poeninae, erroneously, with reference to Hannibal), the Pennine or Vallisian Alps, between Vallais and Upper Italy, whose highest peak, Mons Penninus, the Great St. Bernard, seems to have been out little known even in the time of Cæsar; v. Caes. B. G. 3, 1.—Connected with these on the N.E. are,
    B.
    Alpes Lepontinae, the Lepontine Alps, the eastern continuation of which are,
    C.
    Alpes Rhaeticae, the Rhœtian or Tyrolese Alps, extending to the Great Glockner.—
    III.
    The eastern division.
    A.
    Alpes Noricae, the Noric or Salzburg Alps. —
    B.
    Alpes Carnicae, the Carnic Alps. —
    C.
    Alpes Juliae (prob. so callea from the Forum Julii, situated near), the Julian Alps, extending to the Adriatic Sea and Illyria.—Cf. Mann Ital. I. p. 31 sq.; I p. 263; I. p. 271; I. p. 192; I. p. 189; id. Germ. p. 546:

    Alpes aëriae,

    Verg. G. 3, 474:

    hibernae,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 41: gelidae. Luc. 1, 183: saevae Juv. 10, 166 al.—In sing.: quot in Alpe ferae. Ov. A. A. 3, 150: Alpis nubiferae colles. Luc. 1, 688:

    opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque. Juv 10, 152: emissus ab Alpe,

    Claud. B. Gild. 82; id. Cons. Stil. 3, 285.—
    IV.
    Appel. for any high mountain (only poet.):

    gemmae Alpes,

    the Alps and Pyrenees, Sil. 2, 833; Sid. Apol. 5, 593; Prud. steph. 3, 538.—Of Athos, Sid. Apol. 2, 510; 9, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Alpes

  • 16 comitium

    cŏm-ĭtĭum, ii, n. [locus a coëundo, id est insimul veniendo, est dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 38, 12 Müll.; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 id.: comitium ab eo quod coibant eo comitiis curiatis, et litium causā].
    I.
    In sing., the place for the assembling of the Romans voting by the curiœ situated near the Forum, and separated from it by the ancient Rostra, but sometimes considered as a part of the Forum in a more extended sense (hence, in Dion. Halic. ho kratistos and o epiphanestatos tês agoras topos: IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO, XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20; Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58; id. Brut. 84, 289; Liv. 1, 36, 5; 27, 36, 8; 10, 24, 18; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 9 et saep.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—
    B.
    Transf., any place of assembly out of Rome;

    so of the Ephoreum at Sparta,

    Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—
    C.
    Trop.:

    quod (es) esset animi vestibulum et orationis janua et cogitationum comitium,

    App. Mag. 7, p. 278, 1; so, sacri pectoris, Mam. Grat. Act. ad Jul. 15.—
    II.
    Plur.: cŏmĭtĭa (access. form cŏmĭtĭae, Fratr. Arval. ap. Marin. p. 43; Gloss. Labb. p. 33), the assembly of the Romans for electing magistrates, etc., the comitia. —The comitia were of three kinds.
    1.
    Comitia curiata, the most ancient, voting by curiæ, held in the comitium (v. I.), gradually restricted by,
    2.
    The Comitia centuriata, the proper assembly of the populus Romanus, voting by centuries, instituted by Servius Tullius, continuing through the whole time of the republic, commonly held in the Campus Martius (not in the comitium, as is asserted by many from the similarity of the name; cf.

    campus, II.),

    Gell. 15, 27, 2 sqq.; Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 27; id. Dom. 14, 38; Liv. 5, 52, 15; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44.—
    3.
    Comitia tributa, voting by tribes, and commonly held in the Forum, but in choosing magistrates, freq. in the Campus Martius, convened for the first time in the trial of Coriolanus, two years after the introduction of the office of tribune of the people. In them the inferior magistrates (ædiles, tribunes of the people, quæstors), and, later, the Pontifex Maximus also, were chosen, Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 45; id. Agr. 2, 11, 27; Liv. 2, 58, 1; 2, 60, 4; Gell. 15, 27, 3; cf.

    Dict. of Antiq.—Upon the comitia calata, v. 1, calo.—The usual t. t. for holding such comitia is: comitia habere,

    Cic. Div. 2, 18, 43; freq. in all periods;

    they were designated according to the magistrates who were to be chosen in them, as consularia,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17; id. Mur. 18, 38:

    praetoria,

    Liv. 10, 22, 8:

    tribunicia,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; Liv. 6, 39, 11:

    militaria,

    Liv. 3, 51, 8:

    quaestoria,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1; cf.

    also: comitia consulum,

    Liv. 3, 20, 8; and:

    comitia fiunt regi creando,

    id. 1, 35, 1:

    edicere comitia consulibus creandis,

    id. 3, 37, 5:

    comitia conficere,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 36, 12:

    differre,

    Liv. 6, 37, 12:

    dimittere,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    ducere,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 7:

    inire,

    Suet. Vesp. 5.—
    B.
    Transf., of other elections, out of Rome, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; Liv. 42, 43, 7; Tab. Heracl. v. 24 sq.—
    C.
    Trop.:

    ibo intro, ubi de capite meo sunt comitia, i. e.,

    where my fate is deciding, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 20:

    Pseudulus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,

    id. Ps. 4, 7, 134:

    meo illic nunc sunt capiti comitia,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 45.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > comitium

  • 17 ille

    ille (old orthog., olle), a, ud ( ollus, a, um, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 5, 197; in dramat. poets often ĭlle, v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 624), gen. illīus (usu. illĭus in epic and lyric poets; Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; illīus in the time of Quint; cf. Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 683 sqq.; 696; gen. sing. m. illi, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694; dat. sing. f. olli, Verg. A. 1, 254; Cato, R. R. 153 and 154; abl. plur. ‡ ab oloes = ab illis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 19 Müll.); pron. demonstr. [Etym. dub., v. Corss. Beitr. p. 301], points (opp. hic) to something more remote, or which is regarded as more remote, and, in contrast with hic and iste, to something near or connected with a third person, that; he, she, it ( absol.).
    I.
    In gen.
    (α).
    With substantives: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.): si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis, labor ille a vobis cito recedet... nequiter factum illud apud vos semper manebit, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.:

    sol me ille admonuit,

    that sun, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

    in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

    id. Rep. 1, 1:

    cum omnis arrogantia odiosa est, tum illa ingenii atque eloquentiae multo molestissima,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 36:

    in illa vita,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    illum Aurora nitentem Luciferum portet,

    Tib. 1, 3, 93.—
    (β).
    Absol.: illos bono genere gnatos, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

    ergo ille, cives qui id cogit, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

    tum ille, Non sum, inquit, nescius, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; cf. id. Rep. 1, 9; 1, 10:

    illum ab Alexandrea discessisse nemo nuntiat,

    id. Att. 11, 17, 3; cf.:

    de illius Alexandrea discessu nihil adhuc rumoris,

    id. ib. 11, 18, 1:

    ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur,

    Sall. C. 52, 12.—In neutr. with gen.:

    Galba erat negligentior, quam conveniret principi electo atque illud aetatis,

    Suet. Galb. 14:

    illud horae,

    id. Ner. 26.—
    B.
    With other pronouns:

    itaque cum primum audivi, ego ille ipse factus sum: scis quem dicam,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 1; cf.:

    qui cum illis una ipsum illum Carneadem diligenter audierat,

    id. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

    ille quoque ipse confessus est,

    Cels. 1, 3:

    huic illi legato,

    Cic. Fl. 22, 52:

    hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

    Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

    hic est enim ille vultus semper idem quem, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

    hic est ille status quantitatis,

    Quint. 7, 4, 15:

    est idem ille tyrannus deterrimum genus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42:

    eandem illam (sphaeram),

    id. ib. 1, 14:

    cum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent,

    id. Off. 2, 15 fin.:

    illum reliquit alterum apud matrem domi,

    Plaut. Men. prol. 26.—
    C.
    Opp. to hic, to indicate that object which is the more remote, either as regards the position of the word denoting it, or as it is conceived of by the writer; v. hic, I. D.—
    D.
    Pleon., referring back to a subject or object already mentioned in the same sentence:

    sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat,

    Verg. A. 3, 490; cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 91:

    non ille timidus perire, etc.,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; id. S. 2, 3, 204:

    Parmenides, Xenophanes, minus bonis quamquam versibus, sed tamen illi versibus increpant, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Pregn., that, to indicate some well-known or celebrated object, equivalent to the ancient, the wellknown, the famous: si Antipater ille Sidonius, quem tu probe, Catule, meministi, Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

    Xenophon, Socraticus ille,

    id. ib. 2, 14, 58:

    auditor Panaetii illius,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 45:

    a qua (gratia) te flecti non magis potuisse demonstras, quam Herculem Xenophontium illum a voluptate,

    id. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

    ut ex eodem Ponto Medea illa quondam profugisse dicitur,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

    magno illi Alexandro simillimus,

    Vell. 2, 41:

    honestum illud Solonis est,

    Cic. de Sen. 14, 50:

    illa verba,

    Quint. 10, 7, 2:

    velocitas,

    id. ib. 8.—
    B.
    Particular phrases.
    a.
    Hic... ille, this... that, the one... the other, of single objects in opp. to the whole: non dicam illinc hoc signum ablatum esse et illud;

    hoc dico, nullum te Aspendi signum, Verres, reliquisse,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 53.—
    b.
    Ille aut or et ille, that or that, such and such:

    quaesisse, num ille aut ille defensurus esset,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59:

    commendo vobis illum et illum,

    Suet. Caes. 41.—
    c.
    Ille quidem... sed (autem, etc.), certainly, to be sure, indeed, etc.,... but still:

    philosophi quidam, minime mali illi quidem, sed, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 3, 9, 39:

    ludo autem et joco uti illo quidem licet, sed, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

    Q. Mucius enucleate ille quidem et polite, ut solebat, nequaquam autem, etc.,

    id. Brut. 30, 115:

    alter bellum comparat, non injustum ille quidem, suis tamen civibus exitiabile,

    id. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    sequi illud quidem, verum, etc.,

    id. Fat. 18, 41.—
    d.
    Ex illo, from that time, since then ( poet. and very rare):

    ex illo fluere et retro sublapsa referri Spes Danaūm,

    Verg. A. 2, 169 (for which in full:

    tempore jam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis Trojanae,

    id. ib. 1, 623):

    solis ex illo vivit in antris,

    Ov. M. 3, 394:

    scilicet ex illo Junonia permanet ira,

    id. H. 14, 85.— Hence, advv.
    1.
    illā (sc. viā=ab hac parte), in that way, in that direction, there (very rare):

    nunc ego me illa per posticum ad congerrones conferam,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 27; id. Mil. 2, 3, 17:

    hac vel illa cadit,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 18:

    ac ne pervium illa Germanicis exercitibus foret, obsaepserat,

    Tac. H. 3, 8; 5, 18; id. A. 2, 17:

    ipsum quin etiam Oceanum illa tentavimus,

    id. G. 34:

    forte revertebar festis vestalibus illa, qua, etc.,

    Ov. F. 6, 395 Merk. (vulg. illac).—
    2.
    illō (sc. loco), to that place, thither (class.).
    A.
    Lit., with verbs of motion, = illuc:

    principio ut illo advenimus, ubi primum terram tetigimus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

    neque enim temere praeter mercatores illo adit quisquam,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 3:

    nam illo non saxum, non materies advecta est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 328: To. Vin' huc vocem? Do. Ego illo accessero, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 26:

    positiones huc aut illo versae,

    Sen. Q. N. 2, 11, 1.—
    B.
    Transf.
    a.
    To that end, thereto:

    haec omnia Caesar eodem illo pertinere arbitrabatur, ut, etc.,

    to that very purpose, Caes. B. G. 4, 11, 4:

    spectat,

    Dig. 47, 10, 7.—
    b.
    Post-class. for ibi, there, Dig. 48, 5, 23.—
    3.
    illim, adv., an early form (cf.: istim, exim) for illinc (i. e. illim-ce), from that place, thence (ante-class. and a few times in Cic.): sarculum hinc illo profectus illim redisti rutrum, Pompon. ap. Non. 18, 21 (Fragm. Com. v. 90 Rib.); Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 98; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 17; Lucr. 3, 879:

    illim equidem Gnaeum profectum puto,

    Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2 (al. illinc):

    quid illim afferatur,

    id. ib. 7, 13, b, 7 (al. illinc); id. ib. 11, 17, 3:

    omnem se amorem abjecisse illim atque in hanc transfudisse,

    i. e. from her, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77; id. Harusp. Resp. 20, 42.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ille

  • 18 ab-sum

        ab-sum āfuī    (not abfuī), āfutūrus (āforem, āfore), abesse, in general, to be away from, be absent: dum abs te absum, T.: qui nullā lege abessem, i. e. since my exile was unlawful: Athenis, N.: hinc abesto, stand off, Ph.: omnia quae absunt, unseen things, Cs.: Unus abest, is missing, V.: nec Teucris addita Iuno Usquam aberit, will ever cease to follow them, V.: barba dum aberat, i. e. until the beard grew, O. —With distance in space or time: ab urbe abesse milia passuum ducenta: longe: procul, S.: cuius aetas a senatoriā gradu longe abesset, was far too young for: a quibus paucorum dierum iter, Cs.: profectus mensīs tris abest, three months ago, T.: nec longis inter se passibus absunt, V.: quod abest longissime, and that is far from the truth: tantum abest ab infamiā, ut, etc.: neque longius abesse quin proximā nocte... exercitum educat, i. e. nor was the time more remote, Cs.—In the phrase: tantum abest ut... ut, so far from... that, etc.: tantum abest ut gratiam quaesisse videar, ut simultates intellegam suscepisse, I am so far from being shown to have courted popularity, that, etc.: tantum abest ab eo, ut malum mors sit, ut verear, ne, etc. — Hence, to be away from, be free from: a culpā: ab eius modi crimine.—To be removed from, be disinclined to: ab istis studiis: tantum aberat a bello, ut, etc., he was so averse to war, that, etc.: ab hoc consilio afuisse, took no part in, Cs.: ceteri a periculis aberant, avoided, S.: paulum a fugā aberant, were almost ready to flee, S.—To be removed from, be different from, differ: qui longissime a te afuit, i. e. had the largest majority: abest virtute Messallae, is far inferior to, H. — To be unsuitable, be inappropriate: scimus musicen abesse ab principis personā, N.—To be wanting: quaeris id quod habes, quod abest non quaeris, T.: nusquam abero, V.: ratus pluribus curam, omnibus afuisse fortunam, that most had been negligent, all unsuccessful, Cu.: Donec virenti canities abest Morosa, H.: curtae nescio quid semper abest rei, H.—Hence with a negative or paulum (not parum), followed by quin, not much, little, nothing is wanting that, etc.: neque multum abesse ab eo, quin, etc., Cs.: paulumque afuit quin, Cs.: legatos haud procul afuit quin violarent, they came very near, L.—Abesse alicui or ab aliquo, to be wanting to, fail, not to help: longe alcui, O.: longe iis fraternum nomen populi R. afuturum, Cs.: quo plus intererat, eo plus aberat (tua virtus) a me, i. e. the more it would have helped me, the more it failed me: iussis mora abesto, O.: nec dextrae erranti deus afuit, V.: remo ut luctamen abesset, so that the rowing was without effort, V.

    Latin-English dictionary > ab-sum

  • 19 adhaereo

    ăd-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cleave or stick to a thing.
    I.
    Lit., of iron adhering to a magnet:

    unus ubi ex uno dependet, subter adhaerens,

    Lucr. 6, 914; cf. id. 3, 557: tota adhaerens (lingua) crocodilis, cleaving to his palate, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 171.—With in and abl.:

    tela in tuis visceribus,

    Cic. Vatin. 5, 13; so Ov. M. 4, 693.—With acc.:

    cratera et corvus adhaeret,

    Cic. Arat. 541 (so Tert.: humerum, de Pall. 5).—With abl.:

    fronte cuspis,

    Ov. M. 5, 38.—With dat., poet.:

    tonsis (ovibus) illotus sudor,

    Verg. G. 3, 443:

    veteri craterae limus adhaesit,

    Hor. Sat. 2, 4, 80;

    and in later prose: navis ancoris,

    is fastened to them, Tac. A. 2, 23:

    stativis castris,

    id. ib. 3, 21; and:

    jumento,

    to stick to, Gell. 20, 1.—
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In gen., to cling to, adhere to:

    adhaesit homini ad intimum ventrem fames,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 83;

    and of fawning adherence to one,

    id. As. 1, 3, 59:

    cui canis ex vero dictum cognomen adhaeret,

    adheres, Hor. S. 2, 2, 56:

    nulli fortunae adhaerebat animus, i. e. inconstans fuit,

    Liv. 41, 20:

    obsidioni fortiter adhaerentes,

    Amm. 19, 3.—
    B.
    Adhaerere alicui, to be close to a person or thing, to be near, to hang on, keep close to, etc. (mostly post-Cic., esp. in the histt.):

    vineis modica silva adhaerebat,

    was close to it, adjoined it, Tac. H. 2, 25; so Amm. 18, 2.—Of persons: procul abesse Romanos: lateri adhaerere gravem dominum, i. e. he (the King of Macedon) hangs on them, threatens them by his nearness, Liv. 39, 25:

    nec umquam non adhaerentes,

    and never departing from his side, Suet. Galb. 14:

    comitem perpetuo alicui adhaerere,

    Plin. 10, 22, 26, § 51:

    tempus adhaerens,

    the time in hand, just the present time, Quint. 5, 10, 46:

    obvio quoque adhaerente,

    while each one adhered to him, Suet. Oth. 6;

    and so trop.: adhaeret altissimis invidia,

    Vell. 1, 9.—
    C.
    To hang on a thing, i. e. to trail or drag after, to be the last, sarcastically in Cic.: tenesne memoriā te extremum adhaesisse? hung on the end, i. e. extremo loco quaestorem esse factum, Vat. 5 (cf. haerere, Liv. 5, 2 fin., and Gron. ad h. l.);

    and without sarcasm,

    Curt. 10, 5, 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adhaereo

  • 20 adulescens

    ădŭlescens (only ădŏl- in the verb and part. proper), entis ( gen. plur. usu. adulescentium, e. g. Cic. Tusc. 5, 27 al.:

    adulescentum,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130).
    A.
    P. a., growing up, not yet come to full growth, young:

    eodem ut jure uti senem liceat, quo jure sum usus adulescentior, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 3: uti adulescentior aetati concederet, etc.,

    Sall. H. 1, 11 (Fragm. ap. Prisc. 902).— Trop., of the new Academic philosophy:

    adulescentior Academia,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1.— Sup. and adv. not used.—
    B.
    Subst. comm. gen., one who has not yet attained maturity, a youth, a young man; a young woman, a maiden (between the puer and juvenis, from the 15th or 17th until past the 30th year, often even until near the 40th; but the same person is often called in one place adulescens, and in another juvenis, e. g. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, with Att. 2, 12; cf. id. Top. 7; often the adulescentia passes beyond the period of manhood, even to senectus; while in other cases adulescentia is limited to 25 years, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 2 Goer.: “Primo gradu usque ad annum XV. pueros dictos, quod sint puri, i. e. impubes. Secundo ad XXX. annum ab adolescendo sic nominatos,” Varr. ap. Censor. cap. 14. “Tertia (aetas) adulescentia ad gignendum adulta, quae porrigitur (ab anno XIV.) usque ad vigesimum octavum annum,” Isid. Orig. 11, 2, 4. Thus Cicero, in de Or. 2, 2, calls Crassus adulescens, though he was 34 years old; in id. Phil. 2, 44, Brutus and Cassius, when in their 40th year, are called adulescentes; and in id. ib. 46, Cicero calls himself, at the time of his consulship, i. e. in his 44th year, adulescens; cf. Manut. ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, p. 146):

    tute me ut fateare faciam esse adulescentem moribus,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 67:

    bonus adulescens,

    Ter. And. 4, 7, 4:

    adulescentes bonā indole praediti,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26:

    adulescens luxu perditus,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 42:

    adulescens perditus et dissolutus,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 25; Vulg. Gen. 34, 19; ib. Matt. 19, 20.—Homo and adulescens are often used together:

    amanti homini adulescenti,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 94; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 53; Cic. Fam. 2, 15:

    hoc se labore durant homines adulescentes,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. C. 38; id. J. 6; Liv. 2, 6.— Fem.:

    optimae adulescenti facere injuriam,

    Ter. And. 3, 2, 8:

    Africani filia adulescens,

    Cic. Div. 1, 18 fin. The young Romans who attended the proconsuls and propraetors in the provinces were sometimes called adulescentes (commonly contubernales), Caes. B. C. 1, 23; 1, 51. Sometimes adulescens serves to distinguish the younger of two persons of the same name:

    Brutus adulescens,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 87: P. Crassus adulescens, id. ib. 1, 52, and 3, 7:

    L. Caesar adulescens,

    id. B. C. 1, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adulescens

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